Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease Essay Example for Free

Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease Essay Periodontal disease is a disease that affects the gums which causes them not to hold on to the teeth as tight as is normal. The teeth are therefore detached from the jawbone as it (Dr. Pohlhaus, 2008). It has been found to be responsible for the majority of tooth loses among the adults especially if it stays unchecked over several years. The disease usually attack the tooth through a crevice referred to as sulcus that is found below the gum line. During the attack, the disease breaks down the attachment of the tissues with the tooth and this result into a pocket whose depth depends on the severity of the attack. There are two main categories of the periodontal diseases; the gingivitis, which is a milder form of the periodontal diseases and is usually reversible. The other category is the periodontists (http://www. ada. org/public/topics/periodontal_diseases. asp). The major difference between the two is that the latter affects only the connecting tissues and the bone while the former affects the gum and the bones without any interference whatsoever with the connective tissues. Periodontal disease is caused by a bacterium called plaque which attaches on the teeth surface. They produce some toxins the affect both the gums and its supporting tissues. If left for periods of up to two days, it hardens into a substance called tartar which then causes infection and inflammation of the gums, that is usually painless and can easily go unnoticed (http://www. emedicinehealth. com/periodontal_gum_disease/page2_em. htm# Periodontal%20(Gum)%20Disease%20Causes). Methods of Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease and their Impact During the diagnosis of periodontal disease, the qualified doctors do look at different parameters and are guided by some simple basic steps: He/She first seeks to know the medical history of the patient so as to know any present or past problems associated with the disease or any underlying infections that might be the contributing factor to the disease, and if the patient is under any medications. The doctor may also opt to inquire about the general home dental care quality. The doctor then proceeds to the part of physical examination where he inspects the gum for any abnormalities like redness and puffiness. This is then followed with periodic screening and recording, otherwise referred to as PSR, which helps to ascertain the severity of the infection after which the teeth movement is observed. Any movement shows loss of bone support. Finally, x-rays are carried out so as to see the structure of the bone supporting the teeth. In the modern times however, technological advances has not left behind the medical practitioners. The developments that have been experienced in the dental radiography have been on conventional radiography transmission that narrows down to the capture, enhancement, and analyses of images. This stands to correct the errors that were being committed by the human beings by their visual perception. These technologies therefore help in the improvement of the diagnosis, enhance the treatment procedures as well as streamlining of the transfer, storage and the retrieval of information. They also help provide backup to the data of the patient in case any unforeseen catastrophe like fire occurs. Over the years, focus has shifted to the use of subtraction radiography which helps to recognize any slight differences in terms of the densities and volumes of the bones over a period of time (Grondahl and Grondahl, 1983). This has been made possible due to the available digital imaging technology (Grondahl et al, 1983). When using this technology and for the results not to show any differences in the registration, the projection geometries need to be identical. Methods have also been developed that aim at reconstructing the images that do posses arbitrary geometric projections into projection geometry of the reference image (Dunn and Van der Stelt, 1992; Ruttimann et al, 1986; and Van der Stelt et al, 1989). Also, in hi report, they reported that some measurements of up to 16 mm translation errors with 160 angulation’s errors. It thus looked promising for the creation of important image pairs to be used in the subtractions radiology. Also, in 1986, Webber and Ohki et al (1988) found out about the use of software based, otherwise called â€Å"digital gamma correction†, as a corrective measure to the gray level image distribution which was a one major disadvantage of the subtraction radiography. Further improvement in technology helped make it possible to detect any changes in the density of the bones: using a calibration wedge whose attenuation properties are known, the density differences that are measured are changed into estimation volumes differences. Either hydroxyapatite or aluminum is used in this case due to the fact that their radiation attenuation positively compares to that of the bones in characteristics. When these anatomical abnormalities and other details as expressed on the radiographic images can be shown mathematically, then one can easily develop the computer algorithms which then will be able to automatically interpret the radiographs (Ruttimann et al.. , 1985; Van der Stelt et al.. , 1985; Benn, 1991). These procedures that are performed by the computers may be of great value to the medical practitioners in making their decisions since they add extra information to the assessment of the practitioners (Van der Stelt and Geraets, 1991).

A comparison of Ancient Rome and Pre WW1 United States Essay -- essays

A comparison of Ancient Rome and Pre WW1 United States Title: The Roman Empire and the Early United States A comparison The purpose of this paper is to show the comparison between remarkable empires that were created in many years apart. I chose to compare Pre-World War I United States and the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire information is said to be recorded between 753BC – 1184 BC (ThinkQuest) and the Pre World War I information is between late 19th century and early 20th century (Encarta). Included in this paper will be in information comparing: Government, Economy, Military, and Religion. GOVERNMENT The Roman Empire had 3 different types of government during this period. During the 1st period Rome was controlled by a King, who acted as commander-in-chief during war times as well as the chief priest and judge (ThinkQuest). Decisions had to be approved by the Comitia Centuria and the Senate before the King could exercise his authority. The United States was set-up similar to the Roman Empire in regards to how decisions where executed. The United States government consists of a President, Congress and Senate. Taking these aspects into consideration, both the King and the President have to receive permission from other bodies of government before making decisions. ECONOMY Both the Pre World War I United States and the Roman Empire had vast amounts of agricultural products. The Romans had created a system equivalent to the United States, which seems amazin...

The Mission

The Mission takes place during the Jesuit Reductions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. During this time many Jesuit missionaries established missions independent of the Spanish state in order to teach the native inhabitants Christianity. Leading this cause is Father Gabriel, a Spanish Jesuit Priest, who arrives in the Jungle in South America to set up a mission and convert a small village of Guarani Indians. In the beginning of the film, there is an image of a Jesuit missionary tethered to a cross which is being sent over the massive Gauze Falls.This act encourages Father Gabriel to try to reach out to the tribe. Guarani warriors track Father Gabriel down, prepared to kill him, as he tries to make his way to their village. Gabriel is able to calm the warriors down by playing a song which is the beginning of his acceptance into the tribe. The movie then shifts to Roding Mendoza, a slave trader and mercenary, who is filled with guilt after killing his brother and is looking for repentance. Father Gabriel, after finding out about Mendoza actions, seeks him out to offer him a way to repentance and salvation.Once Mendoza agrees, his armor ND weapons are bound within a satchel that is attached to his waist and he is challenged to scale the cliffs of Gauze Falls. He makes it up the falls and to the Guarani camp where he is met with skepticism and disdain. Eventually, one of the Guarani cuts the satchel off and throws it into the falls representing the forgiveness of the tribe and him being released from his penance. Mendoza then becomes a Jesuit under the guidance of Father Gabriel. The Guarani's gain confidence in Father Gabrielle mission from the leadership he portrays and the eagerness of the Guarani's to learn.During all of this, there are political events going on as well. Spain and Portugal sign a treaty ordering Spain to transfer the control of some land, which includes the land containing Father Gabrielle mission. This was a critical agreement since Spain had outlawed slavery but slavery remained legal in Portugal. As a result, the Jesuits have to fight to protect the missions from Portuguese slave traders. The threat being posed by the Portuguese leads papal emissary Alliteration (a representative of the pope) to make a decision about whether or not the mission should be shut down.Alliteration is torn between two controversial options; either he can side with the colonists and close the mission leading to the enslavement of the Guarani or he can side with the missions leaving the Jesuit to face the Portuguese government. He eventually decides to close the mission but Father Gabriel and Mendoza refuse to obey the decision. The two try tactics of fighting and peace to resist the Portuguese but are eventually taken down by the Portuguese army and the mission is burned down and the Priests and Guarani adults are massacred.Spain and Portugal, the Church administrative hierarchy, and the Jesuit order can e described as having their own culture as institutions based on the apparent separation of motives between each which came from the different ways of thinking that were developing at the time. The Jesuits showed a genuine care about the spiritual well-being of the Guarani people where Spain and Portugal were not as charitable as represented by the government officials. Spain and Portugal had a culture that was based off of nationalistic viewpoints. Spain and Portugal were competing for power in the New World and were unsure about how to treat the native people.Spain's idea was to maintain control by forcing Christianity and their ultra on to the natives. Portugal Just looked to enslave them to show their superiority. Both countries, though, looked for power instead of trying to help the natives accept a new way of life as these countries brought over colonists. Their main concern was to benefit their country versus helping others. These countries would do anything to show their countries power, including tak ing away power from the church to control the fate of the mission. This is made obvious in the scene where the Pope's emissary, Ultramarine, is to decide the fate of the mission.Father Gabriel sees the datives as naturally spiritual and tries to defend the Jesuit position. Portuguese officials see the tribe as unfit for civilization and eventually kill off any natives that resist their rule once the mission is disbanded and enslaves the rest. Either way Ultramarine went, it seemed that Portugal would get its way in the end. From this it is also evident what the motive of the Church was; which was to maintain authority on the outcome of the Guarani project. With the revolts going on against the Church, the Church wanted to use the control they did have to get their agenda completed.Jesuit missionaries were left to succumb to their decisions and this affected the final outcome of the mission as well as the everyday business of the missionaries. The Jesuit missionaries started to try t o break away from the church by not forcing European customs on the natives. In this way they started to become enlightened. Ultramarine did go and experience the missions but he saw the economic practices of the mission to mirror that of radical French Socialism rather than understanding that it was a direct result of what they had learned from the New Testament. WhenUltramarine encountered some Guarani natives who could barely be recognized as such, he was fully pleased. This shows how the Church wanted the natives to completely conform to their ways and culture instead of bringing out the good in the natives like the Jesuits were trying to do. The authorities of the church wanted one thing while the missionaries wanted another. The Jesuits crossed cultural boundaries by merging their beliefs and teachings with the Guarani culture. The Jesuit missions expected the natives to convert to Christianity but generally did not expect them to adopt the European cultural norms.The Jesuits also crossed cultural boundaries by trying to give the natives social mobility. The Jesuits gathered the Guarani into these missions to protect them while they taught them how to read and write as well as be self-productive. Works Cited Hounded, Anthony. â€Å"Reductions of Paraguay. † CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA:. Robert Appleton Company, n. D. Web. 17 July 2014. â€Å"The Jesuit Missions: Their History. † The Jesuit Missions: Their History. N. P. , n. D. Web. 17 July 2014. Bulgaria, Lenore. â€Å"The Jesuit Missions in South America. † Catholicism. N. P. , 23 Mar. 2011. Web. 17 July 2014.

What Does It Mean to Be a Full-Time Student

Youve probably heard the terms full-time student and part-time student in reference to college enrollment. Obviously, full-time students go to school more than part-time students, but what distinguishes the two often varies by institution. No matter what qualifies as a full-time student at your school, its important that you know the requirements because your enrollment status can affect your taxes and other obligations. What Is Full-Time Enrollment? In a very general sense, a full-time student is usually a student who takes 12 units, credits, or hours per term at an institution where the standard course load is 16 units, credits, or hours. This, of course, is a very general description. Each institution calculates credits differently, and what counts as full-time at a school that uses a semester system will be different from what counts as full-time at a school that uses a quarter system. Full-time students are often classified as such, as long as they are taking more than half of a traditional course load. To learn if you are considered a full-time student, you should check with your college or university. The registrars office will likely have their institution-specific definition posted online. If not, however, a quick phone call, email, or visit might be in order. Additionally, if you are a student who, for example, has some learning differences, what counts as a full-time course load for you might be different from what it is for other students. Some institutions will have their own definition of what it means to be a full-time student; others will use the definition provided by your college or university. The IRS, for example, classifies you as a full-time student if you are enrolled for the number of hours or courses the school considers to be full-time. Put simply, you need to ask the appropriate authority to learn your full-time enrollment requirements. Its crucial that you know whether or not you are a full-time student, as your enrollment status can affect your graduation timeline, among other things. Why Your Enrollment Status Matters Your enrollment status — whether or not you are classified as a full-time student — may affect different aspects of your education. For example, you may qualify for certain tax credits and deductions as a full-time student that you would not be eligible for as a part-time student. For this reason, youll want to check with your academic advisor or the registrars office before taking any action (such as dropping a class) that could potentially affect your enrollment status. If youre a student-athlete, you should know that you may not be eligible to compete if you fall below half-time enrollment. Your car insurance premiums and taxes are also related to your enrollment status. Perhaps most importantly, your financial aid and student loans are affected by whether you are a full-time or part-time student. For example, many student loans do not have to be repaid until you drop below full-time status. Be aware that reducing your course load may mean you have to start making student loan payments, which is something you dont want to be blindsided by.